O complexo nuclear vestibular do sagui (callithrix jacchus): caracteriza����o citoarquitet��nica e neuroqu��mica

To the vertebrates, maintain body balance against the gravitational field and be able to orient themselves in the environment are fundamental aspects for survival, in which the participation of vestibular system is essential. As part of this system, the vestibular nuclear complex is the first central station that, by integrating many information (visual, proprioceptive), and the vestibular, assumes the lead role in maintaining balance. In this study, the vestibular nuclear complex was evaluated in relation to its cytoarchitecture and neurochemical content of cells and axon terminals, through the techniques of Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry for neuronal specific nuclear protein (NeuN), glutamate (Glu), substance P (SP), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) (enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine-Ach) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) (enzyme that synthesizes gamma-amino butyric acid-GABA). The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) was used as experimental animal, which is a small primate native from the Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian Northeast. As results, the Nissl technique, complemented by immunohistochemistry for NeuN allowed to delineate the vestibular nucleus superior, lateral, medial and inferior (or descending) in the brain of the common marmoset. Neurons and terminals immunoreactive to Glu and ChAT and only immunoreactive terminals to SP and GAD were seen in all nuclei, although in varying density. This study confirms the presence in the vestibular nuclei of the common marmoset, of Glu and SP in terminals, probably from the first order neurons of vestibular ganglion, and of GABA in terminals, presumably from Purkinge cells of the cerebellum. Second-order neurons of the vestibular nuclei seem to use Glu and Ach as neurotransmitters, judging by their expressive presence in the cell bodies of these nuclei in common marmosets, as reported in other species

Centros rombencef��licos de processamento auditivo do sagui (Callithrix jacchus): uma an��lise citoarquitet��nica e neuroqu��mica

The auditory system is composed by a set of relays from the outer ear to the cerebral cortex. In mammals, the central auditory system is composed by cochlear nuclei, superior olivary complex, inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body. In this study, the auditory rombencephalic centers, the cochlear nuclear complex and the superior olivary complex were evaluated from the cytoarchitecture and neurochemical aspects, thorough Nissl staining and immunohistochemical techniques to reveal specific neuron nuclear protein (NeuN), glutamate (Glu), glutamic acid decarboxilase (GAD), enkephalin (ENK), serotonin (5-HT), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and calcium-binding proteins calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), and parvalbumin (PV). The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a little native primate of the Brazilian atlantic forest was used as an experimental animal. As results, it was noted that the cochlear nuclear complex is composed by anteroventral, posteroventral and dorsal nuclei, and the superior olivary complex is constituted by the lateral and medial superior olivary nuclei and the trapezoid body nucleus. Glu, GAD, ENK, ChAT, CB, CR, PV-immunoreactive cells, fibers and terminals besides besides only 5-HT terminals were found unhomogeneously in all nuclei, of both complex. The emerging data are discussed in a comparative and functional context, and represent an important contribution to knowledge of the central auditory pathways in the common marmoset, and then in primates

O N��cleo genu��no lateral dorsal do t��lamo do sag��i (callithrix jacchus): Pproje����o retiniana, caracteriza����o citoarquitet��nica e neuroquimica da principal esta����o visual prim��ria.

The thalamus plays an important role in the sensorial processing information, in this particular case, the visual information. Several neuronal groups have been characterized as conductors and processors of important sensorial information to the cerebral cortex. The lateral geniculate complex is one to them, and appears as a group very studied once it is responsible, in almost all totality, for the processing of visual information. Among the nuclei that constitute the lateral geniculate complex we highlight the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (DLG), the main thalamic relay for the visual information. This nucleus is located rostral and lateral to medial geniculate nucleus and ventral to thalamic pulvinar nucleus in most of the mammals. In the primates humans and non-humans, it presents as a laminate structure, arranged in layers, when observed in coronal sections. The objective of this work was to do a mapping of the retinal projections and a citoarchictetonic and neurochemical characterization of DLG in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World primate. The retinal projections were traced by anterograde transport of subunit b of cholera toxin (CTb), the citoarchicteture was described by Nissl method, and to neurochemical characterization immunohistochemicals technical were used to examine the main neurotransmitters and neuroatives substances present in this neural center. In DGL of marmoset thalamus, in coronal sections labeled by Nissl method, was possible to visualize the division of this nucleus in four layers divided in two portions: magnocellular and parvocellular. The retinal projections were present being visualized fibers and terminals immunorreactives to CTb (IR-CTb) in the DLG ipsilateral and contralateral. And through the immunohistochemicals techniques was observed that DLG contain cells, fibers and/or terminals immunoreactives against neuronal nuclear protein, subunits of AMPA 15 glutamate receptors (GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR4), choline acetyltransferase, serotonin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, binding calcium proteins (calbindin, parvalbumin and calretinin), vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and an astrocyte protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Avalia����o do banco de disserta����es e teses da associa����o brasileira de antropologia: uma an��lise cienciom��trica

VITULLO, Nadia Aurora Vanti. Avalia����o do banco de disserta����es e teses da Associa����o Brasileira de Antropologia: uma an��lise cienciom��trica. 2001. 143 f. Disserta��ao (Mestrado) - Curso de Mestrado em Biblioteconomia e Ci��ncia da Informa����o, Pontif��cia Universidade Cat��lica de Campinas, Campinas, 2001.

Biblioteca digital de teses e disserta��oes: uma refer��ncia fundamental

OLIVEIRA, Raimundo Muniz de. Biblioteca digital de teses e disserta��oes: uma referencia fundamental. In: CINFORM ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENSINO E PESQUISA DA INFORMA��AO,HUMANISMO E DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLOGICO,7.,2007,Salvador. Anais...Salvador:UFBA, 2007.Disponivel em:www.cinform.ufba.br>. Acesso em: 27 set. 2007. Acesso em: 27 set. 2010.

Bibblioteca Digital de Teses e Disserta����es: uma estrat��gia de preserva����o digital

CUNHA, Jacqueline de Ara��jo. Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Disserta����es: uma estrat��gia de preserva����o da mem��ria cient��fica. 2009. 141f. Disserta����o (Mestrado)- Programa de P��s-Gradua����o em Ci��ncia da Informa����o. Universidade Federal da Para��ba, Jo��o Pessoa, 2009.

Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Disserta����es: grau de utiliza����o pelos mestrandos do curso de Ci��ncia da Informa����o das Universidades P��blicas Brasileiras

A pesquisa aborda o uso das Tecnologias de Informa����o e Comunica����o, que vem revolucionando as atividades e ocasionando muitas mudan��as relacionadas ao acesso e uso de informa����es. O objetivo foi analisar o grau de utiliza����o do conhecimento cient��fico produzido pelos Programas de P��s-Gradua����o das Universidades P��blicas Brasileiras, atrav��s da BDTD, pelos mestrandos dos referidos programas. Nos procedimentos metodol��gicos realizados, procurou-se inicialmente analisar o amplo espectro da popula����o do corpus da pesquisa. Em raz��o da impossibilidade de trabalhar com os Programas de P��s-Gradua����o como um todo, optou-se por fazer um recorte, elegendo os cursos de P��s-Gradua����o em Ci��ncia da Informa����o, vez que estes representam o principal segmento social de interesse da pesquisa. Foi utilizado o m��todo de estudo de usu��rios, onde se optou por adotar o grupo, ���estudos orientados aos usu��rios���, que identifica as necessidades e comportamento de acesso e uso da informa����o. Para coletar os dados, elaborou-se um question��rio semi-estruturado com 25 quest��es, que versavam sobre o uso, dificuldades de acesso e recupera����o da informa����o, bem como a satisfa����o na utiliza����o dessa fonte informacional. Dentre os v��rios resultados obtidos, podemos destacar o fato de que a maioria dos mestrandos (71,8%) s�� teve contato com a BDTD somente no momento em que se encontrava cursando o mestrado e, somente 24,3%, tiveram contato durante a gradua����o. Estes resultados representam um problema, que pode afetar o bom desempenho do projeto BDTD, o qual consiste em disseminar e divulgar a produ����o cient��fica dos Programas de P��s-Gradua����o das Universidades P��blicas Brasileiras para a sua comunidade. Foi observado tamb��m, que os mestrandos oriundos do curso de Biblioteconomia tende a ter contato com a BDTD bem mais cedo do que mestrandos de outros cursos de gradua����o. A fim de minimizar o problema detectado, prop��e-se uma divulga����o mais eficaz na gradua����o atrav��s de dois procedimentos: Primeiro, o docente deve fazer uma divulga����o mais eficaz da BDTD junto aos discentes de todos os cursos de gradua����o; segundo: dever�� ser feita a divulga����o na m��dia eletr��nica, atrav��s da inser����o de ��cones da BDTD, nos portais dos Departamentos dos Cursos de Gradua����o das Universidades P��blicas Brasileiras. Acredita-se que com estes procedimentos seja poss��vel aperfei��oar o uso dessa fonte de informa����o cient��fica.

Bibliotecas digitais de teses e disserta����es brasileiras: paradigma do acesso livre �� informa����o cient��fica

A evolu����o da comunica����o cient��fica ao longo do tempo e o impacto causado pela A evolu����o da comunica����o cient��fica ao longo do tempo e o impacto causado pela A evolu����o da comunica����o cient��fica ao longo do tempo e o impacto causado pela se analisar as contribui����es da Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Disserta����es (BDTD)para a comunica����o cient��fica atual, destacando possibilidades emergentes e desafios a serem superados. Apresenta uma breve evolu����o da comunica����o cient��fica ao longo do tempo; discute os impactos causados pela Internet na comunica����o, disponibiliza����o e acessibilidade de informa����es t��cnico-cient��ficas; e caracteriza BDTD destacando os desafios a serem superados. Dentre eles est��o, a quest��o dos direitos autorais que ocasionam a baixa ades��o dos autores ao projeto piloto do IBICT para disponibilizar teses e disserta����es no meio eletr��nico. Para este desafio, s��o apontadas sugest��es.

Panorama brasileiro das bibliotecas digitais de teses e disserta����es

As bibliotecas de teses e disserta����es t��m um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento cient��fico e cultural de um pa��s. Nesse sentido, buscou-se, de modo geral, analisar o panorama brasileiro das bibliotecas digitais de teses e disserta����es. Especificamente, objetivou-se caracterizar a sociedade da informa����o enquanto contexto das BDTD; caracterizar os v��rios tipos de bibliotecas surgidos a partir da inser����o das novas tecnologias de informa����o e comunica����o; identificar as diretrizes norteadoras da implanta����o de BDTD; e levantar as BDTD existentes no Brasil. Para tato, al��m de levantamento bibliogr��fico, realizou-se uma pesquisa nos sites de institui����es de ensino superior brasileiras que j�� disp��e de bibliotecas digitais de teses e disserta����es em funcionamento. A an��lise e interpreta����o destes dados nos permite considerar que no Brasil as BDTD encontram-se num est��gio embrion��rio, sendo relevante pesquisar a hist��rica implanta����o e configura����o desse novo modelo de biblioteca.

Estudos de Durabilidade Frente ao Ataque Ácido de Comp��sitos Portland-Pol��mero para Cimenta����o de Po��os de Petr��leo

Portland-polymers composites are promising candidates to be used as cementing material in Northeastern oil wells of Brazil containing heavy oils submitted to steam injection. In this way, it is necessary to evaluate its degradation in the commonly acidizind agents. In addition, to identify how aggressive are the different hostile environments it is an important contribution on the decision of the acidic systems to be used in. It was investigated the performance of the Portland-polymer composites using powdered polyurethane, aqueous polyurethane, rubber tire residues and a biopolymer, those were reinforced with polished carbon steel SAE 1045 to make the electrochemical measurements. HCl 15,0 %, HCl 6,0 % + HF 1,5 % (soft mud acid), HCl 12,0 % + HF 3,0 % (regular mud acid) and HAc 10 % + HF 1,5 % were used as degrading environment and electrolytes. The more aggressive acid solution to the plain Portland hardened cement paste was the regular mud acid, that showed loss of weight around 23.0 %, followed by the soft mud acid, the showed 11.0 %, 15.0 % HCl with 7,0 % and, at last the 10.0 % HAc plus HF 1.5 % with just 1.0 %. The powdered polyurethane-composite and the aqueous polyurethane one showed larger durability, with reduction around 87.0 % on the loss of weight in regular mud acid. The acid attack is superficial and it occurs as an action layer, where the degraded layer is responsible for the decrease on the kinetic of the degrading process. This behavior can be seen mainly on the Portland- aqueous polyurethane composite, because the degraded layer is impregnated with chemically modified polymer. The fact of the acid attack does not have influence on the compressive strength or fratography of the samples, in a general way, confirms that theory. The mechanism of the efficiency of the Portland-polymers composites subjected to acid attack is due to decreased porosity and permeability related with the plain Portland paste, minor quantity of Ca+2, element preferentially leached to the acidic solution, wave effect and to substitute part of the degrading bulk for the polymeric one. The electrolyte HAc 10 % + HF 1,5 % was the least aggressive one to the external corrosion of the casing, showing open circuit potentials around +250 mV compared to -130 mV to the simulated pore solution to the first 24 hours immersion. This behavior has been performed for two months at least. Similar corrosion rates were showed between both of the electrolytes, around 0.01 μA.cm-2. Total impedance values, insipient arcs and big polarization resistance capacitive arcs on the Nyquist plots, indicating passivity process, confirm its efficiency. In this way, Portlandpolymers composites are possible solutions to be succeed applied to oilwell cementing concomitant submitted to steam injection and acidizing operation and the HAc 10,0 % + HF 1,5 % is the less aggressive solution to the external corrosion of the casing

S��ntese e caracteriza����o do poli(��cido l��ctico) para potencial uso em sistemas de libera����o controlada de f��rmacos

With the advances in medicine, life expectancy of the world population has grown considerably in recent decades. Studies have been performed in order to maintain the quality of life through the development of new drugs and new surgical procedures. Biomaterials is an example of the researches to improve quality of life, and its use goes from the reconstruction of tissues and organs affected by diseases or other types of failure, to use in drug delivery system able to prolong the drug in the body and increase its bioavailability. Biopolymers are a class of biomaterials widely targeted by researchers since they have ideal properties for biomedical applications, such as high biocompatibility and biodegradability. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biopolymer used as a biomaterial and its monomer, lactic acid, is eliminated by the Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle). It is possible to synthesize PLA through various synthesis routes, however, the direct polycondensation is cheaper due the use of few steps of polymerization. In this work we used experimental design (DOE) to produce PLAs with different molecular weight from the direct polycondensation of lactic acid, with characteristics suitable for use in drug delivery system (DDS). Through the experimental design it was noted that the time of esterification, in the direct polycondensation, is the most important stage to obtain a higher molecular weight. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrograms obtained were equivalent to the PLAs available in the literature. Results of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that all PLAs produced are semicrystalline with glass transition temperatures (Tgs) ranging between 36 - 48 ��C, and melting temperatures (Tm) ranging from 117 to 130 ��C. The PLAs molecular weight characterized from Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), varied from 1000 to 11,000 g/mol. PLAs obtained showed a fibrous morphology characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

S��ntese do Poli (��cido l��ctico) por policondensa����o direta utilizando um planejamento fatorial

The environmental impact caused by the disposal of non-biodegradable polymer packaging on the environment, as well as the high price and scarcity of oil, caused increase of searches in the area of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources were developed. The poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising polymer in the market, with a large availability of raw material for the production of its monomer, as well as good processability. The aimed of this study was synthesis PLA by direct polycondesation of lactic acid, using the tool of experimental design (DOE) (central composite rotatable design (CCRD)) to optimize the conditions of synthesis. The polymer obtained was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results confirmed the formation of a poly (lactic acid) semicrystalline in the syntheses performed. Through the central composite rotatable design was possible to optimize the crystallization temperature (Tc) and crystallinity degree (Xc). The crystallization temperature maximum was found for percentage of catalyst around the central point (0,3 (%W)) and values of time ranging from the central point (6h) to the upper level (+1) (8h). The crystallization temperature maximum was found for the total synthesis time of 4h (-1) and percentage of catalyst 0,1(W%) (-1). The results of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed higher molecular weights to 0,3 (W%) percent of catalyst and total time synthesis of 3,2h

Efetividade do fl��or e da escova����o e efic��cia dos materiais de colagem ion��mero de vidro e resina composta na revers��o das microporosidades criadas pelo condicionamento ��cido no esmalte dent��rio

The objectives of this clinical study was to evaluate the use of the toothpaste with fluoride and without fluoride and the daily tooth brushing are effective in the reversion of the dental enamel conditioned by acid. Another objective of this clinical study was to evaluate if the positioning of orthodontic accessories with glass ionomer cement helps in the reversion of the dental enamel conditioned by acid, when compared to composed resin. One hundred and twenty teeth were selected with indication of extraction by orthodontic reasons. The 30 volunteers were divided, randomly, in two groups. A group used toothpaste without fluoride and the other with it. The teeth of the sample were shuffled, in each volunteer. The teeth were conditioned by the 37% orthophosphoric acid. One of the conditioned teeth stayed in the mouth and suffered action of the abrasion for the tooth brushing, in another teeth a stainless steel mesh protection was positioned with glass ionomer cement, in another tooth the screen was glued with composed resin, in a fourth tooth (the control) was only conditioned after the extractions, 60 days later. All the teeth were appraised through DIAGNOdent, MEVA and EDS. In the obtained data it was possible to observe that there were not statistic significant differences in any comparison, even in the group that did not have access to the fluoride in the toothpaste as in the other that had. According with the used methodology, it was possible to observe too that there was not statistic significant differences in any comparison, even in the group that had the stainless steel mesh positioned with glass ionomer cement as in the group that the stainless steel mesh was positioned with composed resin. However, it was observed that there was an improvement in the topography of the enamel in all the teeth. The accomplishment of this study was facilitated due to the participation of the researchers' of the health area (dentistry), materials engineer, physics and chemistry. The researchers were originating from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and of the University of Queensland, in Australia. This interdisciplinary group was decisive in the accomplishment of the study. It can be concluded that the enamel tends to return to its initial aspect, even if the patient does not have access to fluoride. That is probably due the action of the abrasion for the tooth brushing and mastication. In spite of it not being significant, it is suggested that the conditioned enamel was more resistant to the abrasion in the group that had access to fluoride. It was also possible to conclude that the fluoride liberated by the glass ionomer was not enough to provide a significant difference in the enamel conditioned by the acid, when compared with the composed resin, even in the group that did not use fluoride in the toothpaste as in the group that used

Avalia����o do efeito de um ado��ante comercial com sucralose na marca����o de constituintes sangu��neos com tecn��cio-99m, na morfologia das hem��cias e na biodisponibilidade dos radiof��rmacos pertecnetato de s��dio e ��cido dietilenotriaminopentac��tico-tecn��cio-99m em ratos Wistar.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico

Influ��ncia do ��cido α-lip��ico na adapta����o antioxidante ao exerc��cio f��sico em ratas wistar h��gidas e ovariectomizadas

Introdu����o: Os horm��nios estrog��nicos possuem importante papel na defesa contra as esp��cies reativas do oxig��nio, fato que se evidencia na maior incid��ncia de doen��as cardiovasculares e neurodegenerativas ap��s a menopausa. O exerc��cio f��sico melhora as defesas antioxidantes, contudo em altas cargas e em baixas concentra����es de estr��geno possui efeito aditivo ao dano oxidativo. O ��cido α-lip��ico possui uma ampla gama de a����o antioxidante e poderia contribuir para diminui����o do dano nestas condi����es. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo �� caracterizar a a����o do ��cido α-lip��ico sobre a adapta����o antioxidante e fun����es reprodutivas de ratas submetidas a nata����o moderada. Material e m��todos: Os animais foram submetidos a nata����o di��ria (1 hora) e sacrificados ap��s 30, 60 e 90 dias. Os animais foram divididos em controles sedent��rios e exercitados; suplementados (��cido α-lip��ico 100mg/Kg/dia) sedent��rios e exercitados e animais ovariectomizados e suplementados com ��cido lip��ico. Avaliou-se diariamente o ciclo estral e os seguintes marcadores de estresse oxidativos foram mensurados em f��gado e sangue: atividade enzim��tica da SOD, GPx e CAT, al��m do SRAT e GSH. Resultados: O protocolo de exerc��cio aumentou a dura����o do ciclo estral no grupo controle exercitado, sobretudo na fase diestral. Neste mesmo grupo, houve diminui����o da lipoperoxida����o com melhora da atividade antioxidante da SOD e GPx. O grupo exercitado e suplementado n��o apresentou altera����o na dura����o do ciclo estral e manteve os benef��cios sobre o sistema antioxidante antes observado nos animais exercitados. A suplementa����o antioxidante juntamente com a nata����o em per��odos superiores a 30 dias, diminuiu o processo de adapta����o antioxidante quando comparado aos animais somente exercitados. Nos animais ovariectomizados, o exerc��cio e a suplementa����o com ��cido lip��ico n��o promoveu adapta����o antioxidante ao contr��rio dos demais grupos. Conclus��o: O aumento na dura����o do ciclo estral e a melhora nos marcadores de estresse oxidativo seriam uma resposta adaptativa frente ao exerc��cio moderado. O ��cido lip��ico impediu a altera����o no ciclo induzida pelo exerc��cio, mas preservou a melhoria no sistema antioxidante. A deple����o estrog��nica provocada pela ovariectomia eleva o potencial de dano oxidativo gerado pelo exerc��cio. A a����o antioxidante do LA na presen��a de estr��geno diminuiu excessivamente o dano oxidativo, comprometendo a adapta����o antioxidante a nata����o. Nos animais ovariectomizados, contudo, o AL promoveu adapta����o antioxidante ao exerc��cio